Whether you’re working on your first or 100th film, there is always something new to learn. When you need to update your film terminology, this resource will be your best friend. We’ve included as many film terms as humanly possible all on one page, so let’s get into it.
Film Terms
Abby Singer Shot
An Abby Singer shot is the name for the second-to-last shot of the day. It is named after Abby Singer, a famous assistant film director and production manager.
Movie Terms
Above the Line
Above the line is the costs of making a movie associated with the major creative talent, including the director, actors, writers, and producers. Films with special effects will also have a greater number of above the line costs than films without special effects.
Film Terminology
Aerial Shot
An aerial shot is a shot filmed from far overhead. The shot is typically obtained from a plane, blimp, drone, or other aerial device. When an aerial shot opens a film, it is referred to as an establishing shot.
Film Vocabulary
Allegory
An allegory is essential an extended metaphor. When a film suggests a correspondence or resemblance with a visible part of the film (character or event) to an abstract meaning that exists outside of the film.
CINEMA TERMS
Alliteration
Alliteration is a literary technique when two or more words are linked that share the same first consonant sound, such as “fish fry.”
cinematography terms
Allusion
An allusion is an implied or indirect reference to something, used either in general discussion, or within a text — a novel, play, movie, song, TV show, video game, or even a T-shirt.
Cinema Terms
Ambient Light
Ambient light is natural light (Sun, Moon, etc.) or pre-existing light in a location before any additional lighting is added. Ambient light is typically soft, that exists around the subject of the scene.
Cinematography Terms
Angle
An angle is the relative position of the camera in relation to the subject. This could be a low-angle shot looking up, a high-angle looking down, or even a Dutch angle where the camera is tilted on the y-axis.
FURTHER RESEARCH
Angle
Movie Related Words
Angle On
Angle on is the act of directing the camera to move and focus on a particular subject.
To delve deeper into the topic of camera angles, we invite you to explore our informative blog post titled "Camera Angles Explained".
Film Terms Glossary
Animation
Animation is a type of filmmaking in which individual drawings of inanimate, static objects are filmed one frame at a time. This creates the illusion of movement. Famous animated films include Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and The Lion King.
FURTHER RESEARCH
Animation
Movie Terminology
Anime
Anime is a distinct form of animation that has roots in Japan. It is generally recognized by colorful images, highly-stylized backgrounds, and extremely exaggerated facial expressions. The best Cyberpunk movies also take a great deal of inspiration from anime.
Movie Vocabulary
Antagonist
An antagonist is typically known as the villain of the story. However, the antagonist can be a person, group, force of nature, or interpersonal conflict.
Film Making Words
Anthology Film
An anthology film is a movie with multiple parts or segments devoted to differing narratives. They are sometimes linked together by a theme, but it is not necessary.
Film Making Words
Anti-Climax
An anti-climax is anything following a film’s high point, the climax, that is seen as a disappointing or unsatisfying let-down. Usually, what you expected to happen didn’t happen.
Movie Dictionary Terms
Anti-Hero
An anti-hero is the protagonist of a film who lacks the generally-accepted attributes of a traditional hero. A protagonist who is plagued with character defects or ambiguous morals (e.g., Walter White in Breaking Bad).
Production Terminology
Aperture
An aperture is the opening of a camera lens that controls the amount of light allowed to pass through and actually contact the film. Aperture is part of the exposure triangle with shutter speed and ISO.
Production Terminology
Apple Box
An apple box is a different sized (quarter, half, full, pancake) wooden boxes used for a variety of purposes.
Film Lingo
Arc Shot
An arc shot is a shot that captures a subject while moving around in a circle. See the dizzying shot during the prom scene in Carrie.
Film Terminology for Students
Archetype
An archetype is a character, thing, or place that is routinely presented in film with a certain characterization. For example, the Manic Pixie Dream Girl is an archetype.
Basic Film Terms
Arret
An arret is a French word meaning “stop.” It refers to an in-camera film technique where the camera stops, then an object is placed within the frame, and the camera restarts, giving the illusion that the item magically appeared.
Film Lexicon
Art Director
An Art Director is an individual who belongs to a film’s art department who is in charge of the feel, look, construction, and design of the set. This includes determining the placement for props.
Film Set Lingo
Art-House
An Art-House is a niche movie theater that specializes in playing non-mainstream indie films, foreign films, or small-budget films. They are considered high-brow, or “art” films.
Film Studies Key Words
Aside
An aside is when a film character breaks the fourth wall and directly addresses the audience. Commonly used by characters like Frank Underwood in House of Cards or Deadpool.
Motion Picture Terms
Aspect Ratio
Aspect ratio is the relative length and width of an image. Early cinema used more of a square shape (4:3), whereas today's movies and television are more of a rectangle (16:9 or 2.35:1, for example).
FURTHER RESEARCH
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Words Associated With Movies
Assembly
An assembly is the first step in editing. All the shots are arranged by their order in the script. To gain a comprehensive understanding of film editing, we encourage you to check out our blog post titled "Unpacking the Art of Film Editing."
Basic Glossary of Film Terms
Asynchronous
Asynchronous is a situation when audio tracks are out of unison with the visuals in the frame. It can sometimes be intentional and sometimes accidental.
Director Lingo Dictionary
Atmosphere
Atmosphere is either a nebulous or concrete aesthetic of a film that adds to the overall dimensional tone of a film’s action.
Editing Terms
Audio
Audio is any sound component of a film. This could diegetic sound (e.g., dialogue, Foley sound, etc.) or non-diegetic sound (e.g., scored music, narration, etc.).
FURTHER RESEARCH
audio
Filming Terms and Definitions
Audio Bridge
An audio bridge is an outgoing sound, such as music or dialogue, that carries on from one scene to the next. For example, the soundtrack could connect two scenes instead of visual images.
Motion Picture Terms
Audition
An audition is the process in which an actor or performer reads from a prepared script or does a “cold reading” or a portion of dialogue. The performer may receive a call-back for additional readings.
FURTHER RESEARCH
audition
Director Lingo Dictionary
Auteur
An auteur is the French word for “author.” Most often refers to a director with a distinct or signature style. Directors are often seen as the “authors” of film due to the amount of creative control they hold over all processes held within.
FURTHER RESEARCH
Auteur
Cinema Lingo
Available Light
Available light is the naturally-occurring light you find on the film location. Available light can help enhance a film’s sense of realism. It exists in contrast to artificial light a film crew would normally bring in.
FURTHER RESEARCH
available light
Movie Director Lingo
Avant-Garde
Avant-garde is an experimental or abstract art movement. Avant-garde movies tend to challenge conventional filmmaking techniques.
Movie Set Terminology
Axis of Action
The axis of action is an imaginary line that runs between the two primary actors in a scene. Also known as the 180-degree line, it defines the spatial relations between all of the scene’s elements as being either left or right to the performers in order to maintain scene geography.
Film Slang
B-Movie
A B-movie is an offbeat, low-budget movie. B-movies generally come from independent producers. They have become to be defined by campy acting, catchy titles, and low-grade special effects.
Basic Film Vocabulary
Backdrop
A backdrop is to a huge photographic painting or backing seen in the background of a scene. It typically portrays a landscape, such as mountains. Backdrops were more commonly used before film studios either shot on set or used green screens.
Film Production Jargon
Background
Background is anything within the rear plane of action. Anything occurring in the front plane of action is referred to as the foreground. It is often abbreviated as “b.g.”
Cinema Vocabulary English
Background Artist
A background artist is the person responsible for designing the visual background of a movie. This person is also referred to as a “matte artist.”
Film Audio Terms
Background Music
Background music is the score or music heard in the background of a scene. Generally, this music helps set the tone or mood of the scene.
FURTHER RESEARCH
background music
Film Lighting Terms
Backlighting
Backlighting is the lighting placed behind the subject so that it faces the camera and helps to separate the subject from the background.
TV Production Terms Definitions
Back Lot
A back lot is a piece of land on a studio’s property where filmmakers can shoot outside scenes in an enclosed area. This differs from on-location shoots where the team goes to an actual part of the city to film. For example, many scenes in Back to the Future were shot on a back lot.
Film Industry Dictionary
Back Projection
Back projection (aka rear projection) is a photographic technique in which a live action scene is filmed in front of a transparent screen where a background is added later. It was commonly used to portray actors driving in a car.
Screenwriting Terms
Back Story
A back story is the events that transpired directly before the film began. It can help fill in information about certain characters so that the actors, or the audience can better comprehend motivations.
Film Frame Lingo
Balance
Balance is an overarching term about how the light, movement, and sound all work together within a single scene.
Film Lighting Slang
Barn Doors
Barn doors is slang for the four metal folding doors found on all sides of a light. The barn doors can be repositioned to help direct light in a certain direction.
Acting Terminology
Beat
A beat in acting is a pause before an actor carries out a movement or speaks their next line of dialogue. In a screenplay, a beat may be signified through the use of ellipses (...).
Movie Making Dictionary
Below the Line
Below the line refers to any production costs that are not "above the line" (see above). This can include film crew salary, publicity, music rights, and cutting together a trailer.
Film Industry Dictionary
Best Boy
A Best Boy is the aide, assistant, or technical assistant for the key grip or gaffer. The best boy is responsible for coiling and routing all of the power cables needed to run the lights. The best boy may also schedule what people and equipment are needed on a given day of a shoot.
Movie Terminology Glossary
Billing
Billing is the placement of actors’ names on a movie poster. The most prominent actor in a film will generally have top billing. The second most prominent actor will have second billing and so forth.
Moviegoing Terms
Biopic
A biopic is a biographical film about a real-life subject. It is often seen as a sub-genre of dramas and epics. Examples of biopics include The Last Emperor and Rocketman.
Acting Lingo
Bit Part
A bit part is a small acting role. Generally, a bit part will have a couple lines of dialogue in a single scene in a film. Actors who play waiters are generally considered to have bit parts.
Movie Genre Definitions
Black Comedy
Black Comedy (aka dark comedy) is a sub-genre of comedy that rose in prominence around the 1950s and '60s. It takes typically serious subjects, such as death and war, and treats them with macabre humor. Fargo, American Psycho, Fight Club would be considered some of the best Black Comedies of all time.
Film Words Dictionary
Blacklisting
Blacklisting is a term popularized during the "McCarthyism" of the late 1940s and early '50s where actors, directors, and other prominent people in Hollywood were persecuted for perceived connections with communism. Today, “blacklisted” individuals are those who have trouble finding work due to a variety of reasons (difficult to work with, wronged someone powerful, etc.).
Movie Genre Terms
Blaxploitation
Blaxploitation is a combination of the words “black” and “exploitation” and refers to low-budget, sensational movies primarily made in the 1970s that featured mostly African-American casts and tackled gritty topics like racism, drugs, and the criminal underworld (e.g., Superfly).
Common Movie Terms
Blockbuster
A blockbuster is a standout movie that is a major box office success. Generally, a movie has to gross at least $200 million to be considered a blockbuster (e.g., Jaws, Avengers: Endgame).
FURTHER RESEARCH
blockbuster
Film Camera Terminology
Blocking a Shot
Blocking a shot is the process by which a director determines where the actors stand, where the lights will shine, and how the camera will be positioned. Generally, a director will block a shot before bringing the actors on set to actually film.
FURTHER RESEARCH
bLOcking a shot
Filmmaking Lingo
Blooper
A blooper is an embarrassing or humorous mistake made during the course of filming. Bloopers are also known as flubs, flaws, or goofs. In some comedies, bloopers will play over the end credits.
Film Framing Terminology
Blow-Up
A blow-up is an optical process involving the enlargement of a film frame or photographic image. It was often used to make 70mm film prints from original 35mm movies.
comedy Terminology
Blue Comedy
Blue comedy, also known as "dirty comedy," originated from the idea of veering off the beaten path of conventional humor. It is characterized by explicit language, sexual innuendo, and tackling taboo topics with unabashed boldness.
Film Techniques Glossary
Blue Screen
A blue screen (aka green screen) is an evenly-lit, monochromatic background actors perform in front of. The blue (or green) is then replaced with the desired background through chroma-keying. Many films made today heavily utilize blue or green screens.
Terms for Actors
Body Double
A body double is a performer who will take the place of an actor for certain shots. In many cases, this is done for nude scenes where a big-name actor may not want to use his or her actual body for the scene.
Filmmaking Terms Around the World
Bollywood
Bollywood is the huge filmmaking industry in India. It derives its name from Bombay (now Mumbai) and Hollywood. Sholay and Mother India are examples of Bollywood films.
Film Glossary
Bookends
Bookends are when the opening and end scenes of a film complement one another. It can help tie a film together, much like a framing device. Whiplash has bookends with Andrew beginning and ending the film while playing the drums.
Good Cinematography Terms
Boom Shot
A boom shot is any shot where the camera is attached to a mechanical arm like a crane or jib.
Film Viewer Terms
Bootleg
A bootleg is an illegally obtained version of a film and distributed online or through the black market. It is also known as a pirated film.
Lighting Film Terms
Bounce Board
A bounce board is a device used to reflect light during filming. It is typically a solid white surface constructed out of poster board or foam. It helps add soft light to a scene.
Film Camera Lingo
Bracketing
Bracketing is the process of shooting the same scene multiple times using F-stops resulting in different exposures. An F-stop is the ratio of the focal length of a lens to the entrance pupil’s diameter.
Movie Cinematography Terms
Bridging Shot
A bridging shot is a type of transitional shot used to “bridge” a jump in place or time. For example, in Raiders of the Lost Ark, the movie uses bridging shots of a map to indicate Indiana Jones is moving.
Old-School Film Terms
Bumper
A bumper is the pre-film segment that plays before the movie begins. It typically contains the movie studio’s logo. Disney movies have a bumper of a magical castle, for example.
Old-School Film Terms
Butterfly
A Butterfly is a large sheet of fabric used to diffuse a wide area of light.
Film Production Definitions
Call Sheet
A call sheet is a schedule given to crew members over the course of the film’s production. It lets every department member know when they are to arrive on set. It also lists which actors are necessary for which scenes.
FURTHER RESEARCH
call sheet
Basic Acting Terminology
Cameo
A cameo is brief appearance by a famous actor, director, or celebrity in a film. For example, Lance Armstrong has a short cameo in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story.
Filmmaking 101
Camera
A camera is the most basic, essential machine necessary for filmmaking. The camera captures images using the lens, aperture, magazine, viewfinder, and other quintessential components. They range in size from immense IMAX cameras to modern smartphones.
FURTHER RESEARCH
camera
Filmmaking Terminology
Camera Angle
A camera angle refers to the point of view the camera operator chooses to photograph a subject. Some of the most basic camera angles include high angles, low angles, dutch angles, and eye-level shots.
FURTHER RESEARCH
camera angle
Cinematic Storytelling Terms
Camera Movement
Camera movement is the act of moving the camera to capture various angles and perspectives. Some examples of common camera movements include pan, track, tilt, and zoom.
Movie Job Terms
Camera Operator
A Camera Operator is the person responsible for operating the camera. The camera operator works under the supervision of the director as well as the director of photography.
Movie Critique Dictionary
Capsule Review
A capsule review is an incredibly short movie review. A short snippet of a review you find on Twitter would fall into this category.
Movie Watching Definitions
Caption
A caption is a printed line of text you find at the bottom of a frame that describes or translates what characters are doing/saying. It is beneficial for deaf or hard-of-hearing viewers. Another word for this would be “subtitles.”
Character Terms
Caricature
A caricature is a character, usually a drawing, that is ridiculously out of proportion physically, psychologically, or morally. It portrays an individual in an unrealistic and/or stereotypical fashion.
Box Office Dictionary
Cash Cow
A cash cow is a movie that will be a guaranteed financial success. It could serve as another term for a blockbuster, but one with minimal risks. Star Wars is a cash cow franchise for Disney.
Actor’s Dictionary
Cast
A cast is a term for the collective performers in a film. A cast is generally divided into two categories: the leads and the supporting characters.
Dialogue Terms
Catchphrase
A catchphrase is a short phrase said by a movie character that takes on significance within the general public. In the Die Hard franchise, John McClane’s catchphrase is, “Yippee-ki-yay, motherf*cker,” one of the best one-liners in cinema history.
Screenwriting Lingo
Catharsis
Catharsis is the point in a film’s climax where the audience experiences a cleansing of emotional tension. It provides relief and a sense of restoration. An audience will experience a cathartic moment when the hero definitively emerges triumphant over the villain.
Animation Terms
Cel
A cel is an individual hand-drawn sheet for a cartoon. It represents a single animation frame that allows for multiple layers of composition. Several character cels will be placed against the same background cel to show movement.
VFX Words
CGI
CGI is computer-generated imagery used in filmmaking to create special effects and the illusion of motion. It can be used to create giant, fantastical creatures or fill in a crowd in lieu of hiring a bunch of extras.
Classic Movie Making Terms
Change-Over Cue
A change-over cue is a dot that would appear in the top right-hand corner of a movie projection. It signals to the projectionist that that a change in film reel was coming up. Change-over cues are no longer common as most films are shown on a single reel or projected digitally.
Basic Filmmaking Definitions
Character
A character is the individual within a movie, played by an actor. Batman is a character while Robert Pattinson is an actor who plays him.
FURTHER RESEARCH
character
Acting Lingo
Character Actor
A Character Actor is a specific type of actor who specializes in portraying unique, offbeat, colorful characters. It could also describe an actor with a certain body type who is well-suited for certain roles. J.K. Simmons is a great character actor, best known for his role of J. Jonah Jameson in the Spider-Man films.
screenwriting lingo
Character Sheet
A character sheet is a physical or digital manifesto where character details are displayed in visual/text form.
Movie Genre Studies
Character Study
A character study is the film where characterizations come first while the plot and narrative come second. The Seven Samurai and Boyhood are examples of character studies.
Film Lighting Terms
Chiaroscuro
Chiaroscuro is a combination of two Italian words meaning “light” and “dark.” In filmmaking, it refers to the contrast between light and darkness in an individual scene. It has roots in German Expressionism and is also known as high-contrast lighting.
Film Genre Definitions
Chick Flick
A chick flick is a term used to describe films that primarily appeal to women. It is often used in a derogatory sense to demean films that primarily star women or utilize heavily emotional components.
Film Industry Dictionary
Child Actor
A child actor is any actor who is under the age of 18. Macauley Culkin and Drew Barrymore were famous child actors. Because they are minors, there are special rules for working with child actors.
Film Industry Dictionary
Chimera (Soft Box)
A Chimera is a cloth frame that attaches to a hard light and turns it into diffused light.
Movie Critic Terms
Cineaste
A cineaste is another word for a film/movie enthusiast. It was also the name for a popular film magazine.
Cinematic Phrases
Cinéma Vérité
Cinéma Vérité is a French word meaning “true cinema.” It is a filmmaking style dedicated to capturing “real life” or utilizing techniques in a fictional film that suggest the viewer is peering into the lives of the characters. It was part of the French New Wave movement and popularized in the states by David and Albert Maysles.
Movie Job Titles
Cinematographer
A Cinematographer is the individual responsible for the technique and art of film photography. It is this person’s job to photograph images for a movie by selecting the right lenses, film stock, camera angles, and recording devices to use.
FURTHER RESEARCH
cinematographer
Unique Film Terms
CinemaScope
CinemaScope is a film presentation technique that uses an aspect ratio of 2:35:1. It typically refers to anamorphic techniques and widescreen processes that utilize various magnifications in the vertical and horizontal to fill in the screen.
Interesting Movie Terms
Cinerama
Cinerama is a process of wide-screen filming that utilized three cameras and three separate projectors to attain an all-encompassing view of the frame. It would be projected on a curved screen, and it was the first commercially-viable multiple-screen process.
Interesting Movie Terms
Clamps
There are all different kinds of clamps you’ll use on set. Everything from C-47s to Cardellinis and beyond. These hold gels to lights, lights to walls, and diffusion to whatever it takes.
Film Shoot Terms
Clapperboard
A clapperboard is the black-and-white board or slate with a hinged top used to display information of the shot on the screen. It typically contains information about the director, title of the movie, and take being filmed. Today, electronic clappers have come into style.
Animated Film Terms
Claymation
Claymation is a style of animation where the characters are made out of clay, plasticine, or putty. The characters are then filmed, generally through stop motion animation.
FURTHER RESEARCH
claymation
Storytelling Definitions
Cliffhanger
A cliffhanger is the film that ends with the primary conflict unresolved. It came into fashion during the time of film serials but is still prevalent today. Avengers: Infinity War ended on a cliffhanger that lead into Avengers: Endgame.
Screenwriting Basics
Climax
A climax is the topmost point of tension within a narrative. It is the primary point with the protagonist must confront the antagonist and all of the consequences there within. The climax is then generally followed by denouement or anti-climax.
Basic Cinematography Terms
Close-Up
A close-up is the shot taken from an incredibly close distance to the subject. A single object or part of an actor’s body will appear in the frame. This is to emphasize importance and make the audience focus on a single item.
Film Structure Definitions
Coda
A coda is the word meaning “tail” in Italian. It refers to the final portion of a film, also known as the epilogue. It is the scene that provides closure, such as in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2.
Old-School Cinema Terms
Colorization
Colorization is the process of film alteration where black-and-white film is turned into color. It was a popular, albeit controversial, process in the 1980s when classic films received modern updates.
Film Acting Terms
Comic Relief
Comic Relief is a character who provides comedic moments in otherwise serious films. It was popularized by Shakespeare but can still be found in movies today (e.g., Timon and Pumbaa in The Lion King).
FURTHER RESEARCH
comic relief
Understanding Film Genre
Coming-of-Age Film
A Coming-of-Age Film is the movie associated teenagers growing into adulthood through relatable rites of passage. These films are usually defined by the loss of innocence, attaining sexual identity, and/or living out childhood dreams.
Actor’s Phrases
Command Performance
A command performance generally refers to an amazing performance given by an actor. Most of the time, this performance has come right before the actor’s death.
Film Jobs Vocabulary
Composer
A Composer is the musician who creates a movie’s score. This is in contrast to a conductor, who directs the orchestra playing the score, and a lyricist, who writes the lyrics to a song.
A Director’s Movie Vocabulary
Composition
A composition is the way in which different elements of a scene are arranged on the frame. This refers to the lighting, movement of the actors, props, lines, and other figures.
FURTHER RESEARCH
composition
Movie Magic Dictionary
Concert Film
A concert film is a movie that records a live musical performance of a band, singer, or stand-up comedian. It can take footage from a single performance or stitch together footage from multiple concerts.
Essential Film Terminology for Students
Continuity
Continuity is one of the responsibilities of the Script Supervisor to make sure elements are consistent from shot to shot and scene to scene. When there is a mistake, such as an actor wearing different clothing within the same scene, it is referred to as a “continuity error.”
Film Set Lingo for Lighting
Contrast
Contrast is the difference in light and shadow in a scene. A frame with high contrast has a sharp delineation between the bright and dark elements. The opposite of this is known as low contrast.
Filmmaking Understanding
Convention
A convention is a typical element audiences expect out of certain genres of film without question. For example, Film Noir is expected is expected to have a lot of shadows and pose questions related to human corruption and betrayal.
Film Glossary for Students
Coogan's Law
Coogan's Law is the landmark legislation passed in the late 1930s intended to protect the earnings from child actors. As a result of the bill, a portion of the child’s earnings go in a court-administered trust fund the child receives upon reaching maturity. The bill is named after child actor Jackie Coogan and is one of the rules for working child actors.
Cinema Basic Terminology
Coverage
Coverage is the term to describe all of the shots, including reverse angles and close-ups, a director obtains in addition to the master shot. Having “proper coverage” means to have all of the necessary shots to put together a complete film.
Cinematography Glossary
Crane Shot
A crane shot is the camera shot taken from a huge camera dolly or another electronic device, such as a crane, resembling an extendable arm or boom. It can raise the camera high above the ground, allowing the camera to move in practically any direction. They provide a form of overhead view of the scene.
Main Film Glossary
Crawl
A crawl is the superimposed text on the screen that can move up, down, diagonally, or across. The most famous example of this is the opening crawl detailing a prologue in the Star Wars films.
Film Definitions Terms
Credits
Credits is the text appearing before or after a film detailing the cast, production crew, and technical personnel who worked on a movie. Each person listed receives a credit on what he or she did on the film.
Movie Personnel Terms
Crew
A Crew is the collective of individuals involved with the technical aspect of shooting a movie. It does not refer to the performers in a film.
FURTHER RESEARCH
crew
Movie Watching Vocabulary
Critic
A critic is someone who publishes reviews of movies for analytical or educational purposes. A movie review will discuss the finer points of a film, such as quality of the acting, directing, or writing. Roger Ebert is one of the best-known film critics to ever live.
Film Editing Terms
Cross-Cutting
Cross-Cutting is an editing technique of interspersing, interweaving, or alternating one action with another. Usually, these will be in separate places or locations, and the cut combines the two. It is an editing method to suggest parallel action or two events that take place simultaneously.
Movie Director Dictionary
Cross-Fade
A cross-fade is a fading technique with two components. First, there is a fade to black. Next, it fades into the next scene. When it does not cut to black first, it is referred to as a “dissolve.”
Movie Marketing Terms
Cross-Over
A cross-over is a film marketed toward one audience but would also be enjoyed by a completely different demographic.
For instance, Toy Story 4 was a children’s film, but adults also enjoyed it.
Film Shoot Vocabulary
Crowd Shot
A crowd shot is a shot consisting of a large group of extras. Today, many crowd shots utilize CGI so that the production does not have to hire a bunch of extras.
Film Shoot Vocabulary
C-Stand
A C-Stand is a sturdy light stand that has three different legs that can be adjusted to accommodate steps; a long metal “arm,” and a round clamping head called a gobo.
Film Shoot Vocabulary
Cucoloris
A Cucoloris is a type of flag with shapes cut into it that creates the look of tree branches, window shades, etc.
An Actor’s Glossary
Cue
A cue is the signal for an actor to start performing. Typically, a cue will be one actor’s last line of dialogue, signaling to the other person in the scene to start. However, a cue can also come from the director or from within the script.
Everyday Film Terms
Cue Card
A cue card is the large board with dialogue printed on it to help an actor remember his or her lines. Today, actors can receive electronic cues by means of a teleprompter.
Editing Dictionary
Cutaway Shot
A cutaway shot is a quick shot that temporarily cuts between a continuously-filmed sequence by inserting another person, object, or action into the scene. It is then followed by a cutaway back to the main sequence. Family Guy has become famous for its cutaway shots.
Film Studio Words
Cyclorama
A cyclorama is the seamlessly curved backdrop reaching from the floor to the ceiling to showcase a background for a scene. It is generally used to represent the sky when outdoor scenes are shot indoors.
Cinematic Lingo
Dailies
Dailies are copies of the footage shot on the previous day and reviewed. Directors will review this footage at the end of the day (or start of the next day) to see what they have so far. Dailies are vital for making sure continuity is correct and sound quality is good.
Moviegoing Phrases
Dark Horse
A Dark Horse is a little-known movie that goes on to become a massive hit either financially or on the awards circuit. Moonlight was the dark horse winner for the Best Picture Oscar over La La Land.
Cinematographic Words
Day-for-Night Shot
A Day-for-Night shot is filmed during the day to make it appear as if it takes place at night. This can be attained through unique lighting, filters, and lenses. It was common in the 1950s and '60s but doesn’t happen as often today but, if it does, there are tips on how to schedule a day-for-night scene.
Comedic Vocabulary
Deadpan
Deadpan is a comedic device in which a performer assumes an expressionless demeanor to deliver comedic lines or performances. Leslie Neilsen and Buster Keaton had famous deadpan deliveries.
Film Camera Terminology
Deep Focus Shot
A deep focus shot is a cinematography technique portraying great depth of field. Wide angle lenses are used with small lens apertures to create a sharp focus in both distant and nearby planes within the same shot.
Screenwriting Concepts
Denouement
Denouement is the point in a film that immediately follows the climax when everything in the plot has been resolved. It’s typically the final scene in a movie and is also known as the resolution.
Directorial Terminology
Depth of field
Depth of field is the depth of a shot’s focus in relation to the foreground, middle-ground and background. Shallow depth of field might keep only one of those planes in focus, while deep depth of field would keep all of them in focus.
FURTHER RESEARCH
depth of field
In-Depth Movie Terminology
Depth of Focus
Depth of Focus is directly related to depth of field. It refers to making an adjustment so that a camera shot keeps its deep focus throughout all of the various planes.
Screenwriting Basics
Deus Ex Machina
Deus ex machina is the resolution of a plot by what is basically a force from God. It usually refers to a clumsy, contrived, or illogical intervention that alleviates the tension through something other than a character’s actions. The bacteria in War of the Worlds could be considered a deus ex machina, one of many cliches to avoid.
Sound Editing Terms
Diegetic sound
Diegetic sound is the logically or realistically existing sound within a scene. Music playing on the radio or the sounds of keys turning within the ignition would be examples of diegetic sounds. If the characters in the film can hear it, it's considered diegetic. Non-diegetic sound includes the musical score and narration.
Lighting Vocabulary
Diffusion
Diffusion is the softening or reduction of a light’s intensity. This is achieved through a translucent sheet, made from silk or lace, or through a diffuser in front of the light source to cut down on shadows.
Digital Film Terms
Digital Production
A digital production or virtual production is a movie on filmed with digital video by means of high-resolution cameras. Afterwards, post-production is carried out using video editing methods, which completely eliminates the need for 35mm film.
Distribution Film Terms
Digital Distribution
Digital distribution is the channel through which media is shared via the internet.
Framing Phrases
Directing the Eye
Directing the eye is a cinematographic term. It refers to using frame composition, camera movement, or lighting to make clear what is most important in the frame.
Movie Set Words
Director
A Director is the artist responsible for total artistic control during all phases of a movie’s production. The director makes day-to-day decisions about acting, lighting, sound, casting, and editing. More than anyone else, the director is the single person most responsible for ensuring a film comes to fruition.
Film Viewing Vocabulary
Director's Cut
A Director's Cut is a version of a movie a director is able to make without any studio interference. This is the version the director would like audiences to see the film. Arguably, the most famous director’s cut is that of Blade Runner, which audiences and critics alike seemed to agree was superior to the theatrical version.
Movie Editing Terms
Dissolve
A dissolve is a transitional edit between two scenes, shots, or sequences in which the image of one shot is slowly replaced, blended, or superimposed with a different image. It’s usually done to suggest a passage of time.
Film Theory Terms
Dogme 95
Dogme 95 is the filmmaker collective founded by Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg in 1995 that established a clear set of rules and philosophy that rejected contrived camera work and special effects in lieu of “honest” and “truthful” storytelling. Some of the other rules included shooting on location and using hand-held cameras.
Movie Sound Terms
Dolby Stereo
Dolby Stereo is the stereo-sound process for movies developed by Dolby Laboratories, Inc. to enhance sound quality. 35mm prints of films have dual optical sound tracks while 70mm films have six magnetic tracks as well as multi-channel playback.
Movie Production Terminology
Dolly Shot
A dolly shot is the movie shot where the perspective of the background and subject is altered. A camera will be mounted onto a tripod or wheeled camera platform, pushed on rails, and moved slowly during the filming while the camera runs. When combined with a zoom, the background stretches behind the subject and is called a dolly zoom.
Cinematography Jargon
Double Exposure
Double exposure is the process of exposing one frame twice so that elements of the two images are visible within the final product. It results in an effect similar to superimposition. It is commonly used to create a “ghostly” effect.
Movie Lexicon
Dub
A dub is the process of inserting a new soundtrack into a movie or adding a new soundtrack of music, sound effects, or dialogue following production. A dub will match the lip movements and actions of the filmed shots to make it seem natural. This is in contrast to direct sound where sound is recorded on the scene and synched with the shot.
Cinematography Basics
Dutch Angle
A Dutch angle is a shot where the camera is tilted to one side, along the horizontal axis, producing a diagonal angle. It is typically done to create a sense of unease within the viewer.
Photographic Dictionary
Dynamic Frame
A dynamic frame is a photographic technique meant to mask the projected image shape and size to any ratio that is seen as appropriate for the scene. An example of this would be the aspect ratio narrowing when an actor walks through a narrow passageway.
French Movie Lexicon
Enfant Terrible
An Enfant terrible is a French word meaning “terrible baby.” It refers to a young director who is brash or egotistical. This is often a director who is innovative but uses unorthodox techniques.
Storytelling Jargon
Epilogue
An epilogue is the short scene at the end of a movie that concludes the film. Many times, the main characters will be older, reflecting on the events just witnessed. Saving Private Ryan ends with such an epilogue.
Common Words Associated With Movies
Establishing Shot
An establishing shot is a long shot that shows the location from a distance. It is often an aerial shot, and it informs the audience of the time and locale of the setting. It helps orient the viewer so that they know where the next scene takes place.
Movie Production Lingo
Executive Producer
An Executive Producer is the individual responsible for overseeing a movie’s financing. The Executive Producer may also help arrange various elements of a film’s production, such as a writer and actors.
A Fun Film Terms List
Exposition
Exposition is the conveyance of vital background information, either through actions or dialogue, to further the events of a story. It could also set up a movie’s story. It can include information about the main problem or what’s at stake for the characters. Writing exposition is particularly tricky when trying to weave it into the script organically.
Movie Theory Lingo
Expressionism
Expressionism is the movie technique that involves the distortion of reality through costumes, editing, and lighting. It’s meant to reflect the inner emotions of the characters or the filmmaker. It was popularized in Germany in the 1920s and '30s, often characterized by dramatic lighting, grotesque shots and dark visual images.
Film Slang for Directors
Extra
An Extra is an actor who appears in a movie in a non-speaking, unnoticed role, such as part of a crowd or a patron in a restaurant. Extras generally do not receive a screen credit.
Videography Terminology
Extreme Close-Up
An extreme close-up is a close-up shot that films the subject incredibly closely. In many cases, the outer portions of the subject will be cut out of the frame. Extreme close-ups are typically done on actors to showcase their eyes, mouth, or another singular part of the body.
Film Editing Glossary
Eyeline Match
An eyeline match is a cut in filmmaking between two shots that shows an illusion that the character, presented in the first shot, is looking at an object, presented in the second shot.
Editing Techniques Dictionary
Fade
A fade is a transitional tool that consists of a slow change in intensity of a sound or image. A normally-lit scene will transition to black or vice versa. This also applies to sound and how it fades in and out of a scene.
Film Editing Terminology PDF
Fast-Cutting
Fast-Cutting is a movie editing technique consisting of multiple fast consecutive shots. These are known as staccato shots that only last for a brief duration of time each to create a fast-paced effect.
Movie Making Slang
Favor On
Favor On is when the camera focuses or highlights a certain subject or action within a shot.
Film camera Terminology
Film Gate
A film gate is a piece of metal framing behind the lens that lets light into the camera.
Film Studies Terminology
Film Grain
Film Grain is a light-sensitive material that exists in a film’s emulsion or coating. It results in a fine-grained aesthetic, which requires more light to film, or a coarse aesthetic, which is preferable for low-light scenes.
Film Analysis Terms
Film Noir
Film Noir is a French word meaning “black film.” It was a popular genre in the 1940s that consisted of dark subject matter, downbeat tones, and low-key lighting. Often, the protagonist was an anti-hero or private detective. The Maltese Falcon is an example of a film noir.
FURTHER RESEARCH
film noir
35mm Terms
Film Stock
Film stock refers to a film’s gauge or size as well as the film speed. It can also refer to the unused, unexposed film where photographic images will later be stored. The different types of film stock include tungsten and daylight.
Film Theory Terms
Film Theory
Film theory is a catch-all term used to refer to technical and theoretical ways of studying film.
Film Theory Terms
Film Review
A film review is a type of critique that provides an evaluation of a film, encompassing various aspects such as the plot, themes, direction, script, and performances.
Camera Lens Vocabulary
Filter
A filter is a plastic, glass, or gelatinous substance placed behind or before a camera lens. This changes the character and effect of the lighting within the frame of the film.
Movie Camera Jargon
Fish-Eye Lens
A fish-eye lens is an extreme type of lens that films subjects at super wide angles. It also has an incredibly short focal point, in addition to a practically infinite depth of field, that distorts the linear dimensions of the image. This results in a more curved image.
Movie Camera Jargon
Flag
A Flag is a black, light-absorbing cloth (duvetine) stretched on a metal frame and used to block out areas of light in all different sizes.
Essential Storytelling Terms
Flashback
A flashback is a technique used in filmmaking where the natural order of the narrative is interrupted to show what happened in the past. Many times, this flashback has occurred prior to the first frame in the film. It provides backstory on the events and actions presently taking place.
Other Storytelling Terms
Flash-Forward
A flash-forward is the opposite of a flashback. It interrupts the natural order of the story to show what will happen in the future. A flash-forward can also go from the past to the present.
Vital Film Terms
Focus
Focus is the degree of distinctness or sharpness in an image. As a verb, it relates to the adjustment or manipulation of a lens to create a far sharper image. You can have shallow, deep, or soft focus.
FURTHER RESEARCH
focus
Film Job Vocabulary
Foley Artist
A Foley Artist is an individual who works during the editing and post-production phase of a movie’s production. This person adds or creates incident sounds and noises, such as gunshots, footsteps, and punches, to synchronize to the finished product. Named after pioneer Jack Foley.
Motion Picture Terms Glossary
Footage
Footage is any sequence, portion, or length of film, either shot or soon to be shot, that is measured in feet. It also refers to a specific sequence of events depicted in the movie.
FURTHER RESEARCH
footage
Complete Movie Terminology List
Foreground
Foreground is the opposite of a background. Any action or object closest to the camera. In writing, the foreground is generally abbreviated as b.g.
MOTION PICTURE TERMS GLOSSARY
Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is a literary device that is utilized to give a hint or indication of a future event in the story. It can be a very effective tool for developing curiosity, suspense, and even narrative harmony at the end of a film or novel.
Documentary Film Terms
Fourth Wall
The Fourth Wall is the illusory, imaginary plane through which the audience is able to watch the film. It is possible for characters or the narrative to break the fourth wall, letting the audience know then are, indeed, watching a movie.
Movie Terms to Know
Frame
A frame is a single image. It is the smallest compositional unit you can have in a film’s structure. A series of frames will be shown in rapid succession to make up the moving picture.
Movie Phrases for Students
Frame Rate
Frame Rate is the rate at which film stock passes through the camera. Most modern films run at 24 frames per second. Older films ran at 18 fps while some films made today crank at 48 or 96 fps.
Movie Phrases for Students
Fresnel
A Fresnel (pronounced “fruh-NELL,”) is is a hard-lensed light that comes in different sizes. Each size of fresnel has a different nickname.
A Guide to Film Terms
Gaffer
A Gaffer is the head electrician in the film crew on a movie set. This individual is responsible for the design and final execution of the production’s lighting on the set.
A Guide to Film Terms
Gaffer Tape
A Gaffer Tape is a strong fabric-backed tape that is easily removed when no longer needed. Used for all kinds of things on set.
Movie Projector Terms
Gate
A Gate is a mechanism inside a camera or projector that holds the film steady as it passes by the lens. "Checking the gate" is a phrase used when someone on the camera crew makes sure no dust or particles obstruct the exposure on the film.
Movie Filter Vocabulary
Gel
A Gel is a tinted, transparent colored plastic sheet used as a movie light’s filter. It creates a colored glow over a scene. This is typically done to evoke a certain mood.
Film Distribution Terms
General Release
A general release is the widespread distribution and simultaneous exhibition of a movie. This is in contrast to a limited release where a movie only plays at select theaters for its initial run.
Dictionary of Movie Terms
Genre
Genre is a French word meaning “type” or “kind.” It refers to a specific class of film, such as science-fiction or musical. All films in a given genre share common, distinctive thematic or artistic elements.
Pre-Production Lingo
Greenlight
Greenlight is a term used when a film has received the go-ahead to into production. This is in contrast to a redlight, where a film remains stuck on a shelf to not enter production.
Film Genre Vocabulary
Grindhouse
A Grindhouse was originally a burlesque theater, often in a red-light district, that would show exploitation and B-films. They became popular in the 1960s and '70s, and Grindhouse films today are those that carry on that aesthetic.
Film Crew Member Terminology
Grip
A Grip is a crew member who sets up dolly tracks, moving props, camera cranes, and other pieces of equipment. The key grip is the head grip who coordinates all of the duties with the other grips in the crew. The head grip receives direction from the gaffer.
Box Office Glossary
Gross
Gross is the total box office take. The total amount of money a movie brings in during its theatrical release. It does not include earnings from DVD/Blu-Ray sales or rentals.
Student Filmmaking Lingo
Guerrilla Film
A guerrilla film is a low-budget film made without acquiring filmmaking permits and often using non-SAG actors. Escape From Tomorrow is a guerrilla film shot without permission in Disneyland.
Movie Studies Phrasing
Handheld Shot
A handheld shot is captured through a handheld camera deliberately designed to look wobbly, shaky, or unstable. It’s often used in documentary films or Cinéma Vérité works.
Film History Terms
Hays Code
The Hays Code is a series of censorship restrictions imposed in the 1920s and enforced until the late 1960s. The code stated what could and couldn’t be shown in films, such as nakedness, methods of crime, illegal drug use, alleged sexual perversion, and other taboo subjects at the time. Named after Will Hays, chairman of the MPPDA, the organization in charge of regulating censorship in Hollywood.
Basic Cinematography Jargon
Head-On Shot
A head-on shot is where the action comes directly to the camera. It works to increase the audience’s feeling of participating in the film. It works particularly well for 3D movies.
Moving Camera Terms
Helicopter Shot
A helicopter shot is a moving shot, often used as an establishing shot taken from a bird’s eye view. It is generally taken from a helicopter, allowing it to weave through a landscape.
Movie Director Lingo Dictionary
Helm
Helm is another word to refer to the director of a film. A director can also be referred to as a “helmer.”
A Cinematographer’s Terminology
High Angle Shot
A high angle shot is where the scene or subject is filmed from above. The camera looks down upon the action, making the subject appear small or vulnerable. It is the opposite of a low angle shot.
TV Production Terms Definitions
High Definition
High Definition is an image with a resolution with a minimum of 480 scan lines with the average being 720 and 1080 scan lines.
Blocking Film Term
Hitting a Mark
Hitting a mark is for actors moving to the correct position during rehearsals and while the camera rolls. Sometimes, a mark will be set with a physical piece of crossed tape on the floor to help the actor stand in the right spot.
Blocking Film Term
HMI
A HMI is a powerful hard light that can be used in place of sunlight.
Movie Analysis Dictionary
Homage
A homage is a respectful tribute to something or someone. In film, this generally occurs when one movie is referenced in a different film. Many Star Wars films pay homage to classic samurai movies.
Movie genres
Horror
Horror is a genre of storytelling intended to scare, shock, and thrill its audience. Horror can be interpreted in many different ways, but there is often a central villain, monster, or threat that is often a reflection of the fears being experienced by society at the time.
Movie Terms and Definitions
Hybrid
A hybrid is a movie that combines elements of two distinct genre types. As a result, it can’t be defined by a single genre. Little Shop of Horrors is a hybrid of a horror film and a musical.
Film Icon Terms
Iconography
Iconography is the use of a famous icon or symbol. It is designed to analyze the themes and various styles present within a given film. The rose in Beauty and the Beast has become an icon.
Movie Production Glossary
IMAX
IMAX is a large-screen film format roughly 10 times larger than the traditional cinema format (35mm). It debuted in 1970, and initially, it was used to showcase nature films or short documentaries. It produces amazing high-definition sharpness on movies projected onto screens eight-stories high.
Glossary of Film Editing Terms
In-Camera Editing
In-camera editing is used for filming in the precise order needed for the final product. It eliminates much of the need for post-production editing. It is a quick, but unprofessional, way to create a film, often used by amateur filmmakers or students.
Film Slang Terms
Ink
Ink is a word used when people sign a contract to work on a film. It is often phrased as “[Actor] inked a deal to star in [film].”
Good Editing Terms
Insert Shot
An insert shot is a shot occurring in the middle of a larger shot, typically a close-up of another object or some otherwise minor detail. It draws the audience’s attention to the item, providing more information. It is filmed at a different focal length or angle from the rest of the scene.
Dictionary of Screenwriting Basics
Inside Joke
An inside joke is an obscure, generally show business-related joke, that is only understood by few in the audience. You have to understand the reference to get. For example, the great white shark in Finding Nemo is named Bruce, the name of the mechanical shark used for Jaws.
Beneficial Film Terminology
Intercut Shots
An intercut shot is a series of shots containing two simultaneous events. They alternate together to build suspense. It is often used to portray two individuals involved in a phone conversation.
List of Movie Terms
Interlude
An interlude is a short, intervening film sequence or scene that appears in a movie. It does not necessarily have to be tied to the plot.
The Essential Film Words Dictionary
Intermission
An intermission is a break in the middle of a movie. They provide a chance for the audience to use the restrooms or get more snacks. They are not as common today but still happen every so often, like in The Hateful Eight.
A Student’s Basic Film Vocabulary
Jump Cut
A jump cut is an abrupt transitional device that breaks up a continuous shot. When the shot returns, time has jumped between the two scenes. This can be done to create an artistic effect showcasing discontinuity.
Filming Definitions and Terms
Juxtaposition
Juxtaposition in film, it is the contiguous positions of two scenes, objects, characters, or images in a sequence to contrast and compare them. It can also establish a relationship between two disparate ideas.
Movie Industry Dictionary
Key Light
A key light is the primary light on a subject. It is generally off-center and angeled. It is designed to selectively illuminate prominent features on the subject to create shadows or depth. It is the main source of light in a 3-point lighting setup.
Movie Industry Dictionary
Kino Flo
A Kino Flo is a bank of fluorescent bulbs used for soft light.
Unique Filmmaking Terminology
Klieglight
A Klieglight is a powerful type of carbon-arc lamp that creates an intense light. It is sometimes used in filmmaking, but it can also be used for promotional purposes at movie premieres.
Movie History Lingo
Landmark Film
A landmark film is a movie deemed revolutionary. This can either be due to its artistic merits or its technological prowess. Jaws was a landmark film because it introduced the concept of the modern blockbuster.
Movie Editing Terms
Lap Dissolve
A lap dissolve is a certain kind of transition between two scenes. The first scene ends with a fade out while the beginning of the next scene comes onto screen through a fade in.
Movie Technology Jargon
Lavalier
A lavalier is a small microphone that is clipped or taped to an actor to record dialogue. It is generally wireless and omnidirectional as well as small enough to not be seen in the shot.
Digital Film Terms
L-Cut
An L-cut is also known as a delayed edit, J-cut, or split edit. It is an edit used in digital films that refers to a transitional edit in which the video and audio do not begin simultaneously. The audio may begin before or after the picture is cut.
Expansion of Film Vocabulary
Leitmotif
A Leitmotif is a recurring, intentionally-repeated theme or element in a movie. This motif can be a person, sound, action, or idea. It helps unify the film by reminding the audience of its earlier appearance.
Words Associated With Movie Cameras
Lens
A lens is an optical glass placed in a camera through which light can pass through. The image is focused before it makes contact with the film stock. There are numerous types of lenses out there, including normal, telephoto, and wide-angle.
Vocabulary of Filmmaking
Letterboxing
Letterboxing is the process of shrinking a film image so that it can appear on a television screen with black spaces below and above the image. This emulates the widescreen format typically used on older, box-shaped TV screens.
Cinematic Shot Word List
Library Shot
A library shot is a term used to describe a stock shot. It can also refer to a commonplace or unimaginative shot. A shot of the New York skyline would be a library shot for any movie set in New York.
Movie Scene Terms
Lighting
Lighting is the illumination present within a scene. It also refers to the manipulation of said illumination by way of the cinematographer trying to alter shadows and brightness.
FURTHER RESEARCH
lighting
Occupational Movie Terms
Line Producer
A Line Producer is the movie producer who works on location. He or she is responsible for the budget of a given film shoot as well as the daily operations. The line producer manages the everyday aspects involving film expenses and all people on the crew.
FURTHER RESEARCH
line producer
Post-Production Terminology
Lip Sync
Lip sync in film is the process of synchronizing the movement of the mouth with the words on the soundtrack.
Hollywood Lingo
Location
A location is the places or properties used to film. A location can either be exterior or interior, and it can take place in a real location or on a studio lot. Interiors are abbreviated as “Int.” while exteriors are abbreviated as “Ext.”
FURTHER RESEARCH
location
Movie Sound Words
Location Sound
Location sound is also referred to as a buzz track. It refers to the recording of background sound while the crew is on location. Acquiring ambient noises helps improve the movie’s sense of realism.
Film Marketing Ideas
Logline
A logline in a 1-2 sentence summary of the movie that focuses on the main character, the conflict and an emotional hook. Writing a logline is more difficult than it seems.
Video Cinematography Dictionary
Long Shot
A long shot is a camera view of a character or object from a vast distance away. This makes the subject appear small in the frame. You can also have a medium or extreme long shot.
Film Dialogue Lingo
Looping
Looping is the process in which an actor re-records dialogue during post-production. This helps match the dialogue with the actor’s lip movements on screen. It is also known as Automated Dialogue Replacement (or ADR).
Learn Cinematography Terms
Low Angle Shot
A low angle shot is when the subject is filmed from below. The camera tilts up to capture the character or action, making the subject seem larger than life or more formidable.
Slang in the Movies
Magic Hour
Magic Hour is the optimal time of day for filming magical or romantic scenes with the soft and warm lighting conditions naturally present. Also known as Golden Hour, it is characterized by golden-orange hues and soft shadows, which takes place 30 minutes around sunset and 30 minutes around sunrise. It is one of many different lighting techniques.
Terms in Films
Mask
A mask is the act of blocking out or covering up part of the camera frame with darkness or opaqueness. Most masks will be black. A mask would be necessary when portraying a character looking through binoculars.
Film Director’s Vocabulary
Master Shot
A master shot is a long take or continuous shot that shows the setting or main action of a whole scene. Many scenes will have one or two master shots with the rest of the scene comprised of smaller, tighter angles.
A Film Editor’s Vocabulary
Match Cut
A match cut is a transitional technique for cutting between two unrelated shots that are deliberately linked or matched by a physical, aural, visual, or metaphorical parallelism.
Progressive Film Terminology
Matte Shot
A matte shot is the process of optically combining or compositing separate shots into one print. This is achieved through double exposure that masks off part of the frame area for one exposure and the opposite area for the other.
Hitchcockian Film Terms
MacGuffin
A MacGuffin is a movie term coined by Alfred Hitchcock for a plot element or device that drives the action or logic of the plot. It is extremely important for the characters, but it is often ignored once it serves its purpose. The sled in Citizen Kane is a MacGuffin.
Main Glossary of Film Terms
Medium Shot
A medium shot is a conventional camera shot filmed from a medium-length distance. It typically captures the actor from the waist up, while a medium close-up is from the chest up. It’s abbreviated as “m.s.”
Dramatic Film Glossary
Melodrama
A Melodrama is a film with an expressive plot where the characters have intensely strong emotions. It was originally a drama accompanied by music and typically contains elements of hardship, illness, and pathos.
screenwriting Film Glossary
Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or an analogy between them.
In-Depth Acting Terms
Method Acting
Method acting is an acting style designed by Konstantine Stanislavsky in the early 1900s. It refers to actors who draw on personal emotions and experiences to create a more realistic performance. Daniel Day-Lewis often utilizes method acting to create more realistic performances.
Movie Magic Dictionary
Miniature
A miniature is a small-scale model photographed in a certain way to give off the illusion they are larger than what they actually are. This specific shot is known as a miniature shot.
Innovative Movie Phrases
Mise-en-Scène
Mise-en-Scène is a French phrase for “putting into the scene or shot.” It refers to the sum total of all elements that exist within the frame. It relates to the complete artistic feel and look of the shot, including the visual composition and arrangement.
FURTHER RESEARCH
mise en scene
Movie Sound Terms
Mixing
Mixing is a process of combining different sounds, music, dialogue, and sound effects from all sources into a movie’s master soundtrack. This is part of the post-production process. The soundtrack is ultimately blended together by a mixer.
Film Parody Terms
Mockumentary
A mockumentary is a fictional movie that has the style of a documentary but with irreverent humor that’s designed to mock the subject if features. Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping is a mockumentary of self-serious pop star documentaries.
Good Film Slang to Know
Money Shot
A money shot is any climactic moment, revelation, or image that gives the audience “their money’s worth” even if it cost more money to create.
Editing Film Terms
Montage
A montage is a French term meaning “assembling shots” or “putting together.” It’s a film technique for putting together a series of short shots that create a composite picture. The montage in Rocky of the titular character shows us how hard he’s worked to compete in the final match. For screenwriters, there are a few approaches to writing a montage.
Film Words Connecting Together
Motif
A motif is a recurring thematic element in a movie that is repeated to add to its significance. A motif can be a symbol, word, object, or line in a film that relates to the movie as a whole.
Film Organization Glossary
MPAA
MPAA is an acronym meaning “Motion Picture Association of America.” It is an organization that represents the interests of the primary motion picture studios including film ratings.
good film terms to know
Mumblecore
Mumblecore is an independent film movement that originated in the early 2000s. It’s often characterized by naturalistic acting that’s occasionally improvised. The plots generally focus on a group of people in their 20s or 30s dealing with terrible jobs or bad relationships.
Glossary of Film Techniques
Narration
Narration is telling of a story by providing supplemental information given to the audience by a voice offscreen. The narrator can either be a character in the movie or an omniscient presence.
Artistic Terminology
Naturalism
Naturalism is a film term signifying a hyper form of realism. With naturalism, life is depicted in an unbiased, stoic way. On the Waterfront is a naturalistic movie.
Film Philosophy Dictionary
Neo-Realism
Neo-Realism is an innovative movement in the late 1940s and '50s that has roots in Italy. It refers to movies made outside the studio system. They are shot on real locations, sometimes feature no professional actors, and often do not require a script.
FURTHER RESEARCH
neo-realism
College Film Studies
New Wave
New Wave originally referred to a collective of non-traditional, innovative French filmmakers, such as Alain Resnais, Eric Rohmer, and Jean-Luc Godard. They espoused principles of auteur theory. French New Wave movies are characterized by non-linear storytelling, improvised direction, and jump cuts.
era of filmmaking
New Hollywood
New Hollywood is a film movement that took place in the United States from roughly 1967-1976. The movement was lead by a group of film students, such as George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese with a passion for filmmaking and the desire to challenge the stagnant status quo.
Movie Theater Terminology
Nickelodeon
A nickelodeon is a business that might be described as a "movie arcade." Patrons would pay a nickel to watch short films on individual machines like a Kinetoscope or a Mutoscope.
Movie Reel Phrases
Nitrate Film Base
Nitrate film base is a type of film base that was highly-flammable. It was comprised of cellulose nitrate and was commonly in use until the late 1940s. At that point, it was replaced with an acetate base.
Non-Traditional Movie Slang
Nut
A nut refers to the operating expenses associated with a movie. It is the exhibitor’s calculation of what it will take to lease a theater, run it, and staff it. It is also known as a house nut.
Actor’s Lingo
Off Book
Off book refers to a performer who has completely learned his or her lines. At this point, there is no need for the performer to hold a script because everything has been memorized.
Filmmaking Concepts
Omniscient Point of View
Omniscient point of view is a in which the narrator knows everything going on. The narrator understands all of the thoughts, feelings, and events transpiring between the characters.
FURTHER RESEARCH
POINT OF VIEws
A Camera Operator’s Glossary
180-Degree Rule
The 180-Degree Rule is states that there is an imaginary line on a single side of the axis of action. The camera cannot cross this line or else it will create visual disorientation and discontinuity.
Glossary for Comedies
One-Liner
A one-liner is a term for a quick, one-line joke. Often in the best one-liners, punchlines will come instantaneously after a set-up. It can also refer to a few words used to describe the film’s premise.
Glossary for screenwriters
Origin Story
An origin story is a narrative construct detailing the genesis of a character or organization.
Dictionary for Shooting a Movie
Overcranking
Overcranking is a technique when a camera’s frame rate exceeds 24 frames per second. As a result, the image on screen appears to be in slow-motion. This is a common technique for shooting miniatures.
Movie Effect Terminology
Overexposed
Overexposed is an adjective describing a shot that has more light than recommended, resulting in a washed-out, blinding effect. It is typically used for dream or flashback sequences.
Knowledge of Director Terms
Overhead Shot
An overhead shot is when the camera is placed over the actors. It tends to be set at about a 90-degree angle from where the performers are located. It is also known as a bird’s eye view shot.
Techniques for Filmmakers
Over-the-Shoulder Shot
An over-the-shoulder shot is a medium camera angle commonly used in dialogue scenes. The camera records the action and dialogue from behind the actors’ shoulders. The two individuals are then linked to each other, and the audience understands their positions.
Traditional Film Terms
Overture
An overture is the opening credits or pre-credits in a film. This is often a musical selection that helps set up the theme and mood for the rest of the movie.
Movie Slang From Decades Ago
Ozoner
An ozoner is a slang word for a drive-in movie theater. It can also be referred to as a hard-top or a passion pit.
Movie Jobs Lingo
PA
A PA is an abbreviation for “production assistant.” This is a member of the film’s crew who is responsible for numerous aspects of the production. The duties of a PA can vary greatly depending on the size of the film’s budget, as does how much a PA can make.
A Film Dictionary for Everyone
Pace
Pace is the tempo or speed of the dramatic action in a movie. The pacing can be enhanced by the speed of the dialogue, the soundtrack, and the style of editing used.
Education in Movie Terms
Pan
A pan is an abbreviation for a panorama shot, referring to the rotation, scan, or horizontal movement of the camera in one direction. In film criticism, pan means to express a negative opinion of a movie.
Television Terminology
Pan and Scan
Pan and Scan is a technique for avoiding letterboxing of a widescreen movie. Instead, it focuses on elements of the picture that are more relevant to the plot and adjusted accordingly. The picture will then mechanically pan to the side to show whatever is missing.
EDUCATION IN MOVIE TERMS
Paradox
A paradox is a statement, proposition, or situation that seems illogical, absurd or self-contradictory, but which, upon further scrutiny, may be logical or true — or at least contain an element of truth.
Screenwriter’s Glossary
Parenthetical
A parenthetical is a term for screenplay directions, shown in parentheses, to express how the actor should deliver his or her lines. A parenthetical may read (angrily) or (calmly) before the dialogue.
FURTHER RESEARCH
parenthetical
production Glossary
Pay or Play
Pay or Play is an agreement that a production company will pay a desired actor or crew member for their involvement with a production.
EDUCATION IN MOVIE TERMS
Persistence of vision
Persistence of vision is the optical phenomenon where the illusion of motion is created because the brain interprets multiple still images as one. When multiple images appear in fast enough succession, the brain blends them into a single, persistent, moving image.
Film Production Slang
Pipeline
A pipeline refers to a film project currently in the system that is under development. It is scheduled for a future release. Some synonyms include “in process,” “in the queue,” or “in the works.”
Film Framing References
Pixilation
Pixilation is a technique where the illusion of continuous movement in three-dimensional subjects, typically people, is broken up and made to look jerky or uneven. This is achieved by only printing selected frames from the continuously-exposed negative.
Shot Listing Term
P.O.V. Shot
A P.O.V. shot is a shot taken from the perspective of one character to show what the scene would look like through his or her eyes. It is generally coupled with a reaction shot to establish the point of view.
Small Movie Details
Positive Print
A positive print is the opposite of a negative print. It refers to the original light image captured or printed on the film reel.
Movie Terms Popularized by Marvel
Post-Credits Sequence
A post-credits sequence is an epilogue or throwaway scene that occurs during or after the end credits. It can help generate buzz for an additional scene. Iron Man ends with a post-credits scene of Nick Fury informing Tony Stark about the Avengers Initiative.
Film Theories
Postmodern
Postmodern is a description of all art that rebukes more modernist themes. Postmodern films work to subvert expectations of classic narratives and film structure.
PHILOSOPHY TERM
Plato's Allegory
Plato’s "Allegory of the Cave" is a concept devised by the philosopher to ruminate on the nature of belief versus knowledge.
Film History Definitions
Pre-Code
Pre-Code is the time period between 1930 and 1934 before the Hays Code was enforced in Hollywood. For 30 years afterward, promiscuity, adultery, and other themes were prohibited. However, pre-code films had no such restrictions.
Process of Filmmaking
Pre-Production
Pre-Production is the planning stage of a production after a movie has been greenlighted. This occurs before principal photography begins. Pre-production usually involves script treatment, scheduling, casting, set design, and financial planning.
FURTHER RESEARCH
pre-production
An Entire Film Words Dictionary
Prequel
A prequel is a later film in a franchise that presents events and/or characters that are set chronologically before the time of the original movie. It is the opposite of a sequel.
Terms for Moviegoers
Pre-Screen
A pre-screening is showing of a movie before it is released to the public. Studios will often pre-screen movies so that they can receive feedback from audiences to know what to alter before it is officially released.
Phrases for Film Productions
Principal Photography
Principal photography is when the majority of a film is shot. These are the scenes that typically involves the lead actors. This is in contrast to second-unit photography or certain VFX shots needing to be completed.
Movie Making Terms and Definitions
Principals
Principals is a way to describe the main characters in a movie. It is usually those who have dialogue. The principals are different from the protagonists and have greater roles than extras.
production terms
Production Agreement
A film production agreement is a contractual statement between two or more parties agreeing to the payment of film-related work.
Occupations Related to the Film Industry
Producer
A Producer is a chief of a film’s production. The producer is in charge of raising funds, acquiring a story, hiring key personnel, finalizing the script, and arranging for distribution. The producer often serves as the liaison between the filmmakers and the financiers.
FURTHER RESEARCH
producer
Director Jargon
Production Design
Production Design is a term for a movie’s overall visual look and design. The production designer has the job of creating all of this with the help of the art department.
FURTHER RESEARCH
production design
Must-Know Film Production Lingo
Production Value
Production Value refers to the overall quality of a movie. This value is based on criteria like set design and costumes. It is not based on criteria like the directing, acting, and the script.
Movie Composition Terminology
Prologue
A prologue is typically a brief scene, preface, or speech preceding the main plot of the movie. It often provides information that will help the audience better understand the plot and is the opposite of an epilogue.
Movie Composition Terminology
Protagonist
A protagonist is a character who pushes a story forward. He or she is also the central force of the story.
Better Understand Film Cameras
Pull Back
A pull back is a camera shot where the camera physically moves away from the subject. It helps provide the full context of the scene. It is the opposite of a push in.
Movie Camera Experts
Push In
A push in is a camera shot where the camera physically moves toward the subject. It provides a closer look to see more details. It is the opposite of a pull back.
On-Screen Film Terms
Racking Focus
Racking focus is an in-camera technique that moves between focal planes in a sequence. The focus may change from an object in the background to one in the foreground or vice versa.
Student’s Guide to Making Movies
Reaction Shot
A reaction shot is a cutaway that showcases a character’s or group’s response to a piece of dialogue or event. It is often accompanied by a P.O.V. shot in a sequence known as shot-reverse shot.
Expert Movie Terms
Real Time
Real time is when the timespan of a plot equals the running time of the film. This is in contrast to filmic time where time can be slowed down or sped up depending on the needs of the plot.
Student’s Movie Dictionary Terms
Realism
Realism is a style of filmmaking that aims to present the film as realistically as possible. Realism is further attained through deep focus shots and long, uninterrupted takes. It is in contrast to Expressionism. See also: Cinéma Vérité.
Special Effects Terms
Rear Screen Projection
Rear screen projection is a photographic technique in which a live action scene is filmed in front of a transparent screen where a background is added later. It was commonly used to portray actors driving in a car.
Producer’s Glossary
Redlight
A redlight is a film project that had previously been greenlighted but has now been cancelled, either temporarily or permanently. It is also known as a film in turnaround.
Film Terminology
Reel
A reel is the metal or plastic spool for winding film. Older movies would be measured in reels since one reel would equal about 10 minutes of running time. More contemporary connotations refer to reels as highlights of an actor or director's work used to get more work.
cinematographer GLOSSARY
Rembrandt Lighting
Rembrandt lighting is a technique utilizing one light and one reflector or two separate lights. It’s predominantly characterized by a lit-up triangle underneath the subject’s eye on the less illuminated area of the face (fill side).
Hollywood Movies Lingo
Reshoot Contingency
A reshoot contingency refers to funds saved by the producer in case supplementary shoots, or reshoots, are necessary to complete a film. These reshoots often occur after test screenings or when studio executives offer their input.
Terminology for Cinematographers
Reverse Angle Shot
A reverse angle shot is photographed from the reverse side of the subject to offer a varying perspective. It is often used in dialogue scenes and can be combined with an over-the-shoulder shot.
Film Vocabulary
Reverse Motion
Reverse motion is a camera trick created by running the film backwards within the camera or in the middle of optical printing. It is also known as reverse action.
Theatrical Terms
Revival House
A Revival House is an exhibition or film theaters that dedicate themselves to showing a certain kind of film. This often includes older movies, foreign films, silent movies, classics, or rarely-seen gems.
Film Crew Dictionary
Rigger
A Rigger is one of the production workers on a film set who hangs, sets up, and focuses all of the lighting equipment. It is also the rigger’s job to construct the scaffolding.
Old Movie Making Terms
Roadshow
A roadshow is an exploitation film that contained controversial content but were often disguised as educational, medical films. They would be heavily promoted and shown on the road around the United States. They had to leave quickly to elude authorities.
Animation Cinema Lingo
Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which live-action footage is traced frame by frame by animators. This can be done either automatically or manually. A Scanner Darkly was filmed using rotoscoping technology.
Film Editing Slang
Rough Cut
A rough cut is a term used for the early edited cut of a film. All of the main pieces have been assembled in sequential order, but it may not contain all of the finer details, such as finished CGI. Rough cuts are often used during focus group screenings.
Words Related to the Movie Industry
Rush
A rush is a print of the camera footage from one day’s worth of shooting. It is typically shown without any editing or correction. The director will look through it before shooting for the next day.
Key Motion Picture Terms
Satire
A Satire is a ridiculing, mocking film that targets social, religious, political, or economic institutions. Tropic Thunder is a satire of Hollywood and overly-serious actors.
Movie Music Terms
Score
A score is the musical portion of a film’s soundtrack. This is often music created specifically for the movie by a composer. It consists of background music as well as orchestral pieces.
FURTHER RESEARCH
score
Mastering the Film Dictionary
Screen (Single, Double)
A screen is a mesh on a metal frame used to cut the intensity of light without blocking it out.
Mastering the Film Dictionary
Screen Direction
Screen direction is the direction that characters and objects move in the scene. Some common screen directions can include “camera right” or “camera left.” A jump cut can also be a form of screen direction.
new movie genre lingo
Screenlife Movies
Screenlife is a style of media (usually movie) that takes place entirely on “screens,” typically phone screens or computer screens.
Terms for
Screen Test
A screen test is filmed during Pre-Production to test various elements, from costumes and make-up and practical effects to auditioning actors.
FURTHER RESEARCH
screen test
Film Industry Jargon
Screener
A screener is a physical copy of a film sent to film critics and awards voters. The movie studios send these out as a convenience during awards season.
Script Terms
Screenplay
A screenplay is the script for a movie production written by a screenwriter. The screenplay contains all of the dialogue, character movements, and essential actions.
FURTHER RESEARCH
screenplay
Terms for Film Jobs
Screenwriter
A Screenwriter is the individual who creates a movie’s screenplay. A "scripter" can either create an original screenplay or adapt another's work, such as a book or news article, into a film.
FURTHER RESEARCH
screenwriter
Blockbuster Movie Terms
Second Unit Photography
Second unit photography is the unit responsible for filming less important scenes, such as foreign location backgrounds or large crowd scenes. This unit is essential for larger film productions where the main crew cannot be available. It is helmed by a second-unit director and a subordinate crew.
Film Textures
Sepia Tone
Sepia Tone is an image that was originally black and white but has been converted into a sepia tone, which is a dark olive brown. This is used to increase the dramatic effect or create an “antique” aesthetic.
Film Terms Everyone Should Know
Sequel
A sequel is a movie that continues the events, characters, and settings from a previously made film. It is in contrast to a prequel. The Dark Knight is a sequel to Batman Begins.
Basic Film Lexicon
Setting
Setting is the time and place in which the movie’s story occurs. This includes the landscape, social structures, climate, moral attitudes, customs, and codes of behavior.
Basic film lexicon
Silent Film
A silent film is a type of motion picture that does not include synchronized recorded sound or spoken dialogue.
screenwriter's lexicon
Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things using the words “like” or “as.”
Dictionary of Film Studies
Shot, Scene, and Sequence
Shot, Scene, and Sequence are concepts that make up the dramatic narrative of a film. Scenes are made up of shots while sequences are made up of scenes. Films are comprised of entire sequences.
Terms for Film Crews
Shot List
A shot list is a list provided to the film crew often the day before shooting. It describes all of the shots the director wants to get that day.
FURTHER RESEARCH
shot list
people on set
Showrunner
A showrunner is the individual who has primary creative control and management of a TV show. They aren’t always necessarily the creator of the show, but they’re almost always a writer.
DICTIONARY OF FILM TERMS
Shepard Tone
The Shepard Tone is an audio illusion that creates the feeling of consistent, never-ending rising/falling.
Film Terms for Cameras
Shutter Speed
Shutter Speed is the length of time in which a single frame of film is exposed. A traditional shutter angle is 180 degrees while the film itself is exposed for 1/48 second at 24 frames.
Rudimentary Film Vocabulary
Skip Frame
A skip frame is an optical printing effect of cutting out or skipping specific frames of an original scene.
Dictionary of Film Terms
Slate
A slate is the digital board held in front of the camera that identifies the camera person, director, shot number, and title. There is also the take number, and the slate operator will say “mark” before clapping. This is for sound sync purposes.
Movie Terms
Sleeper
A sleeper is a film released with minimal publicity that eventually becomes incredibly popular. It grows to become a financial success, usually thanks to positive buzz.
Good Videography Terminology
Slow Motion
Slow Motion is running film through a camera at a faster than typical rate. It is then projected at a standard speed, making the playback appear slower than in actuality.
Movie Awards Terms
Snub
A snub is a term that comes up during awards season when a prominent movie, crew, actor, or director is inexplicably excluded for nominations. People will say a movie was “snubbed” by the Academy.
Glossary for Film Techniques
Soft Focus
Soft focus is an effect cinematographers use when applying vaseline or a filter over the camera lens to reduce sharpness. It will blur the image, creating a hazy light. This effect can also be attained by merely shooting out of focus, and it tends to be used for dreamy or romantic scenes.
The Fundamentals of Movie Terminology
Sound
Sound is the audio component of a movie. Sound includes dialogue, sound effects, and music. Sound effects refer to all of the sounds created for a movie excluding music and dialogue.
FURTHER RESEARCH
sound
Movie Set Terminology Dating Back Decades
Soundstage
A soundstage is a huge, soundproof room used for movie productions. Elaborate sets can be constructed, allowing filmmakers more control over sound, lighting, and climate.
Audial Movie Terminology
Soundtrack
A soundtrack is the audio portion of a film. Technically, it refers to the dialogue, sound effects, and musical score that accompanies a film. However, in popular circles, it refers to an assortment of songs heard through the film, which is then sold as an album.
Film Vocabulary for Genres
Spaghetti Western
A Spaghetti Western is a low-budget Western that technically classified as a B-movie. Spaghetti westerns were generally filmed in Spain or Italy during the 1960s and they were often characterized by sparse dialogue and low production values.
Movie Terminology for Those Who Want to Break In
Spec Script
A spec script is a non-commissioned or unsolicited screenplay sent to a studio by a screenwriter in hopes of landing a paid gig. There is also the hope the spec script itself will be purchased or optioned.
Basic Film Terms Everyone Knows
Special Effects
Special Effects is a broad term for fantastical audio and visual illusions that could not have been filmed by normal means. Special effects include in-camera effects, miniatures, CGI, rear-camera projections, and stop motion animation. Visual effects are a subcategory of special effects.
FURTHER RESEARCH
special effects
Keyword here...
Spin-Off
A spin-off is a derivative work of another film that can either be a sequel or prequel. It includes characters from a previous property but takes them in a different direction than a straightforward sequel would do. Alien vs. Predator is a spin-off of both Alien and Predator.
Silent Era Film Lingo
Split-Reel
A split-reel are two different short-subject movies that would be put together for showings in the silent era. They were both too brief for separate screenings, so they would be joined together onto a single reel for exhibition.
Terms From Motion Pictures
Split-Screen
Split-screen is the act of combining two actions filmed independently and then copying them into a single frame, so they appear to have taken place side-by-side. It is also known as a multiple image.
A Dictionary of Moviegoing Terms
Spoiler
A spoiler is any information about plot details or a film’s ending that could hinder one’s enjoyment of watching the film if it is known ahead of time. Many critics will warn readers with spoiler alerts, so they know to stop reading.
Film Dictionary
Static Shot
A static shot is any shot where the camera remains completely stationary. This is generally achieved through the use of a tripod to ensure there is zero movement.
Innovative Cinema Terms
Steadicam
A Steadicam is a hand-held camera developed in the late 1970s. It was created by Garrett Brown, and the operator uses a mechanical harness to take smooth, steady shots, even when the camera needs to move. This allows the operator to move along smoothly with the action.
Film Image Terms
Still
A still is a single, immobile image. It can either be a frame still from a completed movie or a production image taken from an unfinished work. It can also be a publicity shot used to advertise the fact that a certain actor will be in the movie.
Film Industry Lingo
Stinger
A stinger is a last-minute, often surprising, piece of footage or dialogue that appears at the very end of the closing credits. Ferris Bueller breaks the fourth wall at the very end of Ferris Bueller’s Day Off.
Film Industry Lingo
Stinger
A stinger is an extension cord.
Film Terms
Stock Footage
Stock footage is a previously-recorded footage of common elements, such as shots of deserts or travelogue shots. It can also include footage of historical events that have been archived.
FURTHER RESEARCH
stock footage
Animated Movie Terms
Stop Motion
Stop motion is an animation technique using solid 3D models, figures, or puppets appear to move. One frame is shot at a time while the models are repositioned, giving the illusion of natural motion. The best stop motion movies are able to achieve incredible levels of realism.
Film Set Terminology
Storyboard
A storyboard is a sequential series of rough sketches or stills showing what will happen in the movie. It captures what the camera lens will film so that the filmmakers can outline the various shots needed. The storyboard provides a rough synopsis of what will take place.
FURTHER RESEARCH
storyboard
Storytelling Terms
Subplot
A subplot is a secondary or auxiliary plot that typically complements the main plot. The main storyline is known as the A story while the subplot is referred to as the B story.
cinema Terms
Subjective Cinema
Subjective cinema refers to a film, scene, or shot that emulates a personal point of view.
Cinematic Meanings
Subtext
Subtext is the deeper meanings of a character’s actions or spoken lines. Subtext encourages the audience to read between the lines to discern the true meaning of a film.
Vocabulary for Filmmakers
Subtitles
Subtitles are the printed lines of text displayed at the bottom of the frame. Subtitles can be used to translate a phrase in a foreign language or to describe a place and time.
List of Film Jargon
Superimposition
A superimposition is an optical printing process that exposes one image directly on top of another on the same strip of filmstock. In Vertigo, Scottie’s face is superimposed on a drawing.
Film Auteur Lingo
Surrealism
Surrealism is an art movement that prioritizes images and narratives born from the subconscious. These works often present a fantastic, distorted, or nightmarish dream state. David Lynch is famous for his surreal films.
Filmmaking Glossary
Swish Pan
A swish pan is a camera rotation on the x-axis that moves so quickly it creates an intentionally disorienting effect. It can be done on a dolly, gimbal, or tripod. It is also known as a whip pan.
Composition Terms
Symmetry
Symmetry is when two halves of an image (or a story) that distinctly mirror each other. Filmmakers like Stanley Kubrick and Wes Anderson utilize highly-symmetrical frames in their work.
screenwriting terms
Symbolism
Symbolism is the art of imbuing objects/things with meaning, making them represent something more than the sum of its parts.
Movie Marketing Lingo
Tagline
A tagline is a short sentence or clever phrase that memorably summarizes the film to a general audience. It’s supposed to tease what the film will be about. In Alien, the tagline is “In space, no one can hear you scream” is one of the best taglines ever.
screenwriting lingo
Talking Head
A “talking head” is a term that describes a camera set-up that only features the subject’s head and shoulders, giving the impression that they are a floating, “talking head.”
Cinematic Vocabulary
Take
A take is a single shot of a scene that is continuously recorded. Generally, a director will film several takes of the same shot. Once the director is happy with the shot, the crew moves onto the next set-up.
Jargon for Film Processes
Technicolor
Technicolor is the best-known color film process. These films were described as being high saturated with vivid colors and a three-color dye transfer system. It is also known as three-strip color.
Camera Lens Dictionary
Telephoto Lens
A telephoto lens is a camera lens with an incredibly long focal length as well as a narrow angle of view. The purpose of this lens is to condense and compress depth within a space. It brings faraway objects closer to the viewer without actually having to move the camera.
JARGON FOR FILM PROCESSES
Theme
A theme is the inferred stance taken on the central topic or message of a story.
screenwriting jargon
Third Wall
Breaking the third wall refers to when a character addresses the medium in which they are situated.
Basic Film Understanding
Three Shot
A three shot is a shot consisting of three individuals in the frame. This is in contrast to a "single" or "two shot."
Film types lingo
3D Movie
A 3D movie is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception by employing stereoscopic film techniques.
Director’s Playbook
Tight On
Tight on is a cinematographic term that relates to a close-up shot of the subject. A director will often say “tight on” when he or she wants an extreme close-up or tight framing on the subject.
Cinematographer’s Cheat Sheet
Tilt Shot
A tilt shot is when a camera tilts down or up along a vertical axis. It is often used to suggest a sense of imbalance or to emphasize a character’s menace or power.
Filmmaking Methodology
Time Lapse
Time lapse is a technique where frames are shot much slower than a normal rate (e.g., 24 frames per minute instead of per second). This allows the action to progress much faster than in reality. This is typical for nature documentaries to capture clouds moving or plants growing.
Film Colors 101
Tint
A tint is a use of color to make film stock appear in a different shading to attain a desired mood. The method behind this is generally done by hand, and it was often used in black and white movies before the widespread use of filming in color.
A Useful Film Techniques Glossary
Tracking Shot
A tracking shot is where the camera moves alongside the subject throughout a space. The camera is usually mounted on a dolly track, and it is best for side-to-side motions. It is also known as a follow shot.
Film Proposal Terms
Treatment
A treatment is a detailed summary of a movie’s story, including each major scene. It is written in prose form, and it is generally necessary when pitching a film to a studio.
Standard Filmmaking Terminology
24 Frames Per Second
24 frames per second (fps) is the standard frame rate for movies shot on film. It refers to the number of frames projected onto the screen per second. Most modern films come in at 24 frames per second, but in the past, they would be projected 16 or 18 fps.
A Film Director’s Lexicon
Two Shot
A two shot is a close-up or medium shot of two people, who are typically talking to one another. The two actors are often framed from the chest up, and this is meant to create a contrast between the two characters.
Old Film Terminology
U-matic
A U-matic is a ¾-inch magnetic tape, which would originally be found on a professional cassette tape format. In recent years, it has been supplanted to new digital formats. It was a competing yet inferior tape format to both beta and VHS.
TV showrunner Lingo
Upfronts
A TV Upfront is a presentation made by major television networks to an audience of advertisers, with the hopes that they’ll want to invest their advertising budget into certain shows to better position its success with gaining a viewership.
Keywords for Your Film Studies
Undercranking
Undercranking is the process of slowing down a camera’s frame rate. This is achieved by shooting at a slower speed than the usual 24 frames per second. This results in the captured images appearing in fast motion.
Glossary of Director Lingo
Underexposure
Underexposure is when an image is photographed with less light than what would be considered proper exposure. This results in a dimly-lit, indistinct image that lacks contrast and is the opposite of an overexposed shot.
KEYWORDS FOR YOUR FILM STUDIES
Union
A union is an organization that represents the best interests of a certain segment of professionals in the motion picture industry. There are unions for writers, actors, directors, and others to help those workers negotiate contracts, pursue rights, and receive recognition. Therefore, there are rules and regulations when working with unions.
scriptwriter's Dictionary
Unreliable Narrator
An unreliable narrator is a character whose perspective we follow in the story but lacks a certain degree of credibility. These narrators may simply lack all the information necessary to adequately translate the story to the audience, or they have a clear bias.
Film Editing Definitions
Vertigo Effect
The Vertigo Effect is a camera technique achieved by tracking backwards while simultaneously zooming toward the subject, or vice versa. This keeps the subject at the center of the image while the surroundings stretch or contract behind them. Also known as a dolly zoom, this effect was named after Hitchcock's prominent use in Vertigo.
Movie Making Parlance
Vignette
A vignette is a scene in a movie that can stand on its own. For example, the orgasm scene in When Harry Met Sally is often viewed and referenced on its own, separated from the rest of the film.
Dictionary For the Film Industry
Visual Effects
Visual Effects is anything added to a movie that was not in the original shot under the subcategory of special effects. They can either be achieved through CGI or through special techniques, such as rear projection and double exposures.
FURTHER RESEARCH
visual effects
Essential Film Terms
Voice-Over
Voice-Over is recorded dialogue that comes from off-screen or is unseen in the frame. It is often done to convey a character’s thoughts or from a narrato. In a script, a voice-over is abbreviated as “V.O.”
Movie Set Terminology
Walk-On
A walk-on is a role consisting of a brief appearance on the screen. It is typically done without any dialogue or credit. It differs slightly from extras, who may be on screen for an extended period of time.
Good Film Slang to Learn
Walk-Through
A walk-through is the first rehearsal done on a film’s set. It is necessary for the director to figure out camera positioning, sound, and lighting. This is done before the cameras start to roll.
Filmmaking Vocabulary
Wardrobe
Wardrobe is the general term used to talk about the costume department. It can also refer to an individual costume and all of the accessories associated with it.
List of Film Terms
White Balance
White balance is a camera setting that establishes the true color of white. This produces a baseline from which all other colors are measured. White may not appear “white” under all lighting conditions, so this helps correct it.
Your Cinematography Terminology PDF
Wide Angle Shot
A wide angle shot is taken with a lens capable of capturing a wider field of view than a regular lens. It exaggerates the disparity, depth, and distance between the background and foreground. All objects are kept in focus and within perspective.
Motion Picture Terms
Widescreen
Widescreen is a rectangular aspect ratio, wider than the standard 1:33:1 used before the 1950s. After that time, widescreen processes such as VistaVision and CinemaScope came into the mainstream and became the industry standard.
Film Terms for Editors
Wipe
A wipe is an optical effect or transitional technique where one shot seems to be “wiped off” the screen by another shot that replaces it. It is also known as a flip-over or push-over.
Movie Vocabulary
Wrap
A wrap is the completion of shooting either for the entire production or at the end of a single day. Decades ago, cameramen would say, “Wind, Reel, and Print, which would later become abbreviated as “WRAP.”
Film Industry Dictionary
Z-Movie
A Z-movie is an independently-made, low-budgeted, and often non-union movie with first-time directors and actors. They are generally made quickly and designed to look amateurish. They have a campy appeal and often contain exploitative subject matter, such as cheap horror flicks that are even worse than B-movies.
List of Film Analysis Terms
Zoom Shot
A zoom shot is a camera shot taken with a lens with a variable focal length. This allows the cinematographer to alter the visual distance between the camera and the subject without physically moving the camera. This moves from a wide-angle shot to a telephoto one in a single, seamless motion.
End of the Basic Glossary of Film Terms
Zoptic Special Effects
Zoptic special effects is a revolutionary 3D process that was invented by Zoran Perisic. It incorporated the camera system with the projector containing synchronized zoom lenses. This created the illusion of depth movement.
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Cinematography and Film Terms
Film vocabulary is expansive. Fortunately, you can return to this list any time you need a refresher or before you head back to a film set. You should also make sure to check out our glossary devoted solely to cinematography terms that really goes into depth about some key terms every filmmaker should know.
Up Next: Cinematography Terms →
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